Cow milk and goat milk, are popular dairy foods used by people. Comparison of chemical and mineral content of milk from. Chemical composition and medicinal values of camel milk. After a gradual transition only mature milk is produced after the 10th day. Cow milk has a lot more protein, about three, three and a half times more protein than human milk has. Comparison of human milk, cows milk and infant formulas. Similarly, the fatty acid composition of cow s milk is more suited to a calf than to a person. The composition of human milk is variable within feeds, diurnally, over lactation, and between mothers and populations. Chemical composition and medicinal values of camel milk kula jilo1, dechasa tegegne2. The milk of all four quarters appears to have the same composition ohri and joshi, 1961. Colostrum is the initial milk secreted by mammals following parturition, the composition and physicochemical properties of which are highly dynamic and variable. This turns out to be a quixotic quest since human milk is a complex body fluid that is variable not only among individuals, but within an individual over time.
They attempted to provide a formula with a composition close to human milk which provided better digestive capabilities for individual infants 8,9. The purpose of the present study was to investigate and compare the antifungal effect of human milk with infant formula and cows milk. Breast milk or mothers milk is milk produced by mammary glands located in the breast of a human female to feed a child. In the uk, data for the nutrient composition of human breast milk are currently published within mccance and widdowsons the composition of. In terms of cholesterol, goats milk appears to offer a specific distinction in comparison to cows milk, cows milk typically contains about 14 to 17 mg cholesterol per 100 g milk, while goats milk is more usually recorded at 11 to 25 mg per 100 gram of milk. Cows milk composition can vary widely between different breeds and during different stages of lactation. Indeed, the popular consensus among health care prof. Lysozyme is a protective protein highest in camel milk than milk of cow and human. Milk is the staple form of food consumed all across the world in various forms. The carbohydrate, protein and fat content of milk from one species is finely tuned to meet the nutritional requirements of that particular animal whether human.
An experiment comparing the taste of cows milk to human. Cow milk is a secretion of liquid from mammary glands of the cow to feed their infants for a period of. After drinking milk that was specific to me as a human, i didnt recognize cows milk and i didnt like it at all. The vast majority of infants in the united states are fed humanmilk substitutes by 6 months of age. Historically one approach to match humanmilk composition is to add new ingredients see appendix b for the composition of formulas and human milk. A comparison between human milk and cows milk viva. However, it is considered that donkey, camel, and goat milk may be good substitutes of human milk. Cow milk come out of four mammary glands and the production of milk is much higher. According to most authors the composition of camel milk varies due to difference of geographical.
More work, however, needs to be done to establish if there is a real difference. The digestion of a1 types of casein in cow milk leads to the. Differences between human breast milk and cow milk. For example, cows milk is three to four times richer in protein than human milk. The aim of the present study is to list the compositions of milk of different species and discuss their nutritional values. A baby under age 1 should not drink cows milk, because his stomach cant digest the proteins in cows milk well. In general the average components can be summarised as follow. This food source, although inferior to human milk in multiple respects, promotes more efficient growth, development, and nutrient balance than commercially available cow milk. An early goal for the composition of infant formula was to make it similar to that of human milk. Composition of human breast milk human breast milk is a complex matrix with a general composition of 87% water, 3. Human milk contains the lowest concentration of ca, p, fe, zn, na, k and mg. The quality of the feed is known to change the fat composition, the flavor and the quantity of the milk produced. Milk and dairy products food and agriculture organization. Cows milk and the evolution of infant formulas olle hernell a child is to get a sufficient quantity of good nourishment, if it is to thrive well.
Cow milk is a secretion of liquid from mammary glands of the cow to feed their infants for a period of about ten months depending on the weaning time. Review on goat milk composition and its nutritive value. Differences between cows and human milk jama network. With the information available, the obvious approach to the problem of infant feeding is based on the use of human milk when feasible and of formulas simulating it as nearly as possible when for any reason breast milk cannot be made available to. Lactose is kind of the other way around, where human milk has a couple percentage points higher lactose than the cow milk. Colostrum also contains important infectionfighting antibodies. Mn content of human milk is higher human milk contains.
Human milk is a complex biological fluid composed of thousands of constituents in several compartments. Regarding soy milk, there is no lauric acid in the fat in whole soy, which is what is used to produce soy milk. Digestive system reasonable evidence, 1 human study and 2 animal studies all showing evidence of a1 type milk causing inflammation of gastrointestinal. General constituents of cows milk are water, fat, protein, lactose and ash. The points enlisted below should help in understanding the differences between both forms. Human milk composition provides the standard for human infant nutrition, including the bioactive components that safeguard infant growth and development.
From the chemical laboratory of the new york state agricultural ezperi ment station, geneva. One of the more significant differences from cow milk is found in the composition and structure of fat in goat milk. The average in cow and goat milk is less than 5% and the range is greater. In cows, the transition occurs from day 5 to day 12. Both cow milk and goat milk tend to be more nutritious in the winter and early spring when the early milk colostrum is produced than in the summer when the milk production has run its course. Buffalo milk contained less water, more total solids, more fat 7. The various constituents are given as percentages of the whole milk. Difference between breast milk and cow milk compare the. The average composition of human milk and cow s milk according to meigs early analyses, and those of certain wellknotisn authors whose results were available in 1881.
Factors affecting milk composition of lactating cows. Geneticsand environment table 1 contains the breed for percentageof milk fat, totalprotein, true protein and total solids. Scientists have developed genetically modified cows to produce more than 50 litres of milk. Cow milk composition and factors influencing composition and yield. Goats milk has a nutritional composition very similar to cm in terms of saturated fats and quantity of transfa. Goats milk is abundant in shortchain, and mediumchain fa 610 c atoms, present in quantities even twice as much as cm. Exclusive human milk feeding for the first 6 months of life, with continued breastfeeding for 1 to 2 years of life or longer, is recognized as the normative standard for infant feeding. Camel milk is very similar to goat milk and compares very favourably with human milk davis and mcdonald, 1953.
However, as you can see from the chart there are many differences between the two. The fat content of human milk continues to rise for the first two weeks. This variability has benefits for infant health and. Attempts to alter the fatty acid composition of cow s milk, and so increase the nutritional value of cow s milk to humans, have involved experiments feeding cows fish meal and soya beans abughazaleh et al. Breast milk continues to provide the best nutrition after 1 year, but milk, no matter what type, no longer meets all your childs nutrition needs. The average composition of human milk and cows milk according to meigs early analyses, and those of certain wellknotisn authors whose results were available in 1881. I remembered the years of looking forward to a glass of cold milk and enjoying it thoroughly. Comparison of chemical and mineral content of milk from human. Donkey milk is the most similar to human milk in terms of composition of protein fraction tesse and others 2009, it has a low content of casein, and a relatively. During the second wave of hmfss in the early 20 th century, scientists had a better understanding on the human milk composition and differences between cow milk and human milk. The fat and lactose, respectively, provide 50% and 40% of the total energy of the milk 11. Research suggests that the chemical composition of goat milk may make it easier to digest.
Breastfeeding is generally accepted as the optimal method of feeding infants. Differences in chemical composition between cow colostrum and milk 6 bjvm, 11, no 1 lar to that of normal milk. The best food for it is, no doubt, the mothers milk. The most common substitute for human infants nourishment is cow milk, and it is the principal source of milk for human consumption. However, the composition of human breast milk is dynamic and changes over time. Comparison of human milk, cows milk and infant formulas for their antifungal effects against environmental fungi aim.
Composition of human, cow, and goat milks goat milk. Colostrum also contains important infectionfighting antibodies which strengthen the immune system of the young mammal. This again stresses the importance of camel milk for human nutrition. The composition of milk varies according to the animal from which it comes, providing the correct rate of growth and development for the young of that species, thus for human infants, human milk is obviously more suitable than cows milk. When human babies are reared on cow or goat milk, it is customary to add lactose, sucrose, glucose, or maltodextrin partially hydrolyzed starch maltose and dextrins. Comparing infant formulas with human milk infant formula. Meigs and his collaborators have, in the first place, determined the quantities of fat, lactose, ash and total nitrogen in a number of samples of human milk and cows. The milk of every species of mammal is unique and specifically tailored to the requirements of that animal.
Many mothers do not realize there is a difference between breast milk and formula. Comparison of human breast milk nutrition to goats milk. Above table contains gross composition of different animals. Although both cow and goat milk contains casein protein, the specific composition is slightly different. The composition of human milk became the ultimate reference. The slowest rate of growth and the lowest milk protein content are en countered in man. The following chart compares the composition of formula to that of human breast milk. The percentage of lactose in human milk ranges from 6. In the first few days after birth, a special type of milk called colostrum is excreted which is rich in fats and protein.